Sustainable livestock is discussed in relation to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda pf FAO. Population growth, urbanization, income gains and globalization continue to fuel the “livestock revolution”, offering business opportunities for many livestock producers. FAO projections, under a business as usual scenario meat demand in low- and middle-income countries will increase by a further 80 percent by 2030 and by over 200 percent by 2050. Livestock agri-food systems are cranking up production to meet this demand and adapting to satisfy the changing food preferences of an increasingly affluent and urbanized population in a globalized economy.Animal-source foods currently comprise 39 percent of protein and 18 percent of calorie intake worldwide, but this is not equitably distributed. FAO estimates some 300 million smallholders depend on small ruminants for food and income. Investment in infrastructure must be made and better access to financial resources and technological innovation provided.